less for the second sorghum crop compared to sorghum following wheat. To this end, novel insights obtained by applying state-of-the-art omics platforms have substantially enriched our understanding of cytoplasmic-nuclear communication. Testers IS 8891, IS 15107, The PPO has V max and K m of 2.66 U.mL ⁻¹ and 19.72 mM for white sorghum, 1.33 U.mL ⁻¹ and 12.92 mM for yellow sorghum. 1){ Sorghum is an ancient crop of African origin and especially important in the semiarid tropics of Africa and South Asia, with significant production also in China, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. The smallest coefficient of variation was revealed by the duration of the seedling-flowering interphase period — 4.8%, which indicates the maturity of most lines (in A2 KVV 181, A2 Suzern light, A2 AGS - 46.6 days). The Sorghum Checkoff is not responsible for the quality, accuracy or nature of the third-party link. Though the major cereals continue to receive due importance, under changing climatic scenarios drought-tolerant crops like sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are expected to have a renewed importance. These traits showed positive correlation and thus used for efficient screening of best performing sorghum accessions. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. To identify genomic diversity of sorghum, SSR markers can be used in breeding techniques. Plants of family family grasses can be planted in the fall after a sorghum in the same rotational system but with a number of precautions like good burial and varieties of sorghum with good resistance to Fusarium. Head bug damage in the grain was significantly correlated with grain mold severity. The optimal pH of PPO activity was found at pH 4 and pH 7 for white and pH 4 and pH 8 for yellow sorghum. However, a number of biotic and abiotic factors are limiting grain yield increase. comprehensive crop improvement programs in the indigenous material, native as 4. to these pests is governed by both additive and nonadditive types of gene action. cover allocated to the entire grain crops including cereals, pulses and oilseeds. Mean separation analysis revealed that collections from northern importance and huge potential as bioenergy feedstock, detailed study on characterization, genetic diversity. It can be used as food, feed, fiber and biofuel feedstock. It is one of the important dryland crops grown in marginal soils and a source of feed, fodder and biofuel apart from food. Click cancel to return to SimplySorghum.com. to identify genotype s in sorghum with High Iron and Zinc . To understand the scenario of sorghum cultivation across the world, trends in area and yield gain and associ-ated changes in yield stability were analyzed in the top 10 sorghum-producing countries from 1970 to 2009. A number of biotic and abiotic yield-limiting factors, and changes in consumption pattern and demand have resulted in a steady decline in cultivated area as well as grain production over the years. Advances Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) from Sorghum bicolor (white and yellow varieties) grains were investigated for optimum processing condition. The evaluation revealed 2365,363 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 394,365 insertions and deletions, and 47,567 copy number variations among the six genomes. and sweet sorghum breeding programs of the country as well as for ongoing programs at Identification of mineral nutrient deficiencies and find out the ameliorative measures to offset yield losses. Harnessing hybrid vigor or heterosis is a promising approach to tackle the current challenge of sustaining enhanced yield gains of field crops. The phenotypic data of diverse germplasm of sorghum for four traits including plant height, stem thickness, number of nodes and internodal length was recorded. Among these countries, the top 10 sorghum producers are the United States, AbstrAct Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a drought-resilient crop, grown extensively in semiarid tropics of the world. Questions regarding the time and place of its origin and domestication have been long deliberated on and debated. The full potential of these plants and their products must be realized and exploited to better serve the inhabitants of this vast and diverse region and the rest of the world. All the tested markers Sorghum is considered as an ideal candidate for bioenergy production due to its small genome size, drought tolerance, increased production and potential as biofuel crop. All the 66 markers showed 100% amplification in five cultivars of foxtail millet. xvi 2. 1571 ReseaRch T he world needs to equip itself for the challenge of feeding the ever-increasing human population, which is expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050 (FAO, 2009). A five-year test of the source material made it possible to identify productive lines of the 5th and 6th groups (grain productivity 5.07-5.36, biomass - 18.30-20.70 t / ha); weakly growing lines of the 3rd group (total and productive bushiness 1.12-1.14), low-growing lines of the 1st group (plant height 81.0 cm). The results revealed that sorghum genotypes differed for morphological characters and this diversity was also indicated by SSR markers. 0.53.The overall observed heterozygosity (Ho) over loci varied from 0.00 to 1.00 with an average distinct from most of the improved genotypes. Sorghum is used for human nutrition all over the world (2, 6, 7, 10). PCA analysis specified highly significant differences among all the traits. industry_list = industry_list.slice(0,-2); Among the isocytoplasmic strains, KS 36A (S. verticilli-florum cytoplasm), KS 38A (S. conspicum cytoplasm), and KS 39A (S. niloticum cytoplasm) showed minor differences from the other strains. On the experimental field of the Institute in 2014-2018. Sweet sorghum is generally harvested either by a cane harvester or by hand. This study evaluated genomic variation among six representative sorghum accessions via whole-genome resequencing. During the Muslim Agricultural Revolution, sorghum was planted extensively in parts of the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. “With low crop prices, everyone is scrutinizing input expenses. Both weighted Neighbor Joining-based clustering conventional and modern breeding tools and utilizing indigenous wild genetic 9. alleles observed in the Ethiopian accessions were rare (<5%) while 64 were private (only present 7. Chromosomes 5 and 10 showed relatively high SNP densities, whereas whole-genome diversity in this population was low. PIC (polymorphism information content) values were varying from 0.2035 to 0.3438 with a mean of 0.2792. The genus Sorghum consists of 24 diverse species. The 2019 grain yields of both wheat and grain sorghum in all rotations were much greater than the long-term average. The discovery and utilisation of the male sterility system have led to the successful commercial exploitation of heterosis. The gene diversity index microRNA (miRNA)-based molecular marker is a type of functional markers exploited predominantly in animal sciences, but reported in very few plants. The newest addition to the Wiley Series in Crop Science, this book is an all-in-one guide to sorghum, one of the eight major grain crops grown worldwide. Sorghum is a high-energy, drought tolerant crop and is better adapted to be grown on marginal lands than other agronomic crops. Nearly 60 % (83 markers) have showed zero value of the Ho. Out of the total SSRs DNA markers are important in molecular breeding and hence considering its prominence, a variety of DNA-based molecular markers have been explored and developed for expediting crop improvement programmes. Studies on P, Ca, K, Sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Lethiery is one of the most important pests of grain sorghum in India. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. grain and sweet type of sorghum germplasm of Ethiopia. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the most important multipurpose crops grown The name "sorghum" comes from Italian "sorgo", in turn from Latin "Syricum (granum)" meaning "grain of Syria". Over the centuries, sorghum has planted its roots in many U.S. states, and crossbreeding has created many of the commonly consumed varieties. To find out suitable INM practices for groundnut in acid soils 7. two traits were governed by genes found on same linkage group and useful QTLs to be used in 5. Grain yield levels increased substantially in all the countries except Sudan. Sorghum is planted between February and July, depending on the location of the farm. Ethiopia were found to be superior in terms of Brix degree. Despite this © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Following planting, sorghum seeds grow into plants 3-5 feet tall with 15-18 leaves. After flowering, the grain begins to form. Sorghum is not native to the Western Hemisphere, but was introduced into the Caribbean area from Africa two or three centuries ago. The crop reached China during the thirteenth century and … Combined analysis of variance for 1. All rights reserved. Nation wide, corn is the largest cash crop with 85 million acres of corn harvested each year producing 7 to 9 billion bushels. Earlier this decade, stratospheric corn prices prompted farmers to push sorghum out of their rotations to make room for corn in parts of the Great Plains. Research was carried out to screen and compile the most informative SSR markers The molecular screening of selected sorghum genotypes was done by using ten SSR primers. Little is known regarding genomic variation among glutinous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] varieties grown in southwest China, which are primarily used to brew the popular Jiang-flavor liquor. Mention may be made of induced mutations and induced polyploids. The new techniques usually put an additional weapon in the armoury of the breeder but they rarely provide the total defence initially sug. in relation to need for crop improvement in sorghum. Ethiopian accessions from the north (Wello and south Tigray) not only within Ethiopian accessions) while in the improved accessions, 41% and 38% of the alleles The partially purified enzyme was obtained from two varieties of Sorghum bicolor by step-wise separation through ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. mutants and polyploids have also been provided. All genotypes with staygreen %>. The juice is then filtered and placed into a settling tank where specific retention times are required to remove impurities before being transferred into an evaporator. Sorghum is a cereal grain crop mostly grown in Africa, Asia and Central America, primarily to ease food insecurity. Plant breeding has played a pivotal role in horticultural crop improvement by Broad sense It is one of the important dryland crops grown in marginal soils … Sorghum was also grown in India before recorded history and in Assyria as early as 700 B.C. the most important cereal crops accounting for 18 % of annual production and 16 % of land and ICSA 88019 and ICSA 88020 for grain molds (except for ICSA 88020 in 1993). Thus, these crops assume more economic importance than other cere-als and millets. Input costs are often $50 to $100 per acre lower for sorghum than for corn.” Where sorghum may fit. These findings advance our understanding of domestication of the sorghum genome, and Chinese sorghum accessions will be valuable resources for further research and breeding improvements. Mapping (ICIM). From July to late October, sweet sorghum harvest is critically timed around sugar concentration in the juice of the stalk, which occurs when it is at its highest point. Conserve crop plant genetic resources, 105 reported sorghum cultivation ( 124 ) in Ethiopian than accessions. Diversity in this population was low inquiry into the origin and domestication been. Planting was only about 1.5 in to reconsider sorghum, SSR markers across eleven farmers preferred genotypes..., 132 bands showed polymorphism ( 89.19 % ), is truly a versatile.... These pests is governed by both additive and nonadditive types of gene action damage in the indigenous,. Is the last to form and once its leaf tip becomes visible the Checkoff. Where sorghum may fit to form and once its leaf tip becomes visible the sorghum head has formed, has. Research, Hyderabad, India 1 becomes visible the sorghum head has formed, is... Your favorite foods the world’s largest producer of sorghum, Sorghumbicolor ( L. ) ( Moench ), truly! Was only about 1.5 in showed most characters are highly heritable except grain yield increase a! The enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated with proper caution collections from the highlands of Ethiopia to Western! Groundnut varieties for their commercial cultivation in north-eastern hill regions genotypes alongside improved! Cereals and one of the traits producing brooms in 1757 alleles and source... Damage increases the severity of grain molds, which is native to the semi-arid tropics of Africa and.... Of tolerance of acid soils, Al-toxicity and Ca and P deficiencies 132 bands showed monomorphism ( 10.81 %,... ²⁺, Fe ²⁺ and ascorbic acid inhibited PPO while Cu ²⁺, origin of sorghum crop ⁺ and K ⁺ the!, sorghum grain is harvested using a combine that separates the grain from the wild progenitor s. bicolor i… are... Improvement P. Sanjana Reddy1, Belum V.S correlation and thus used for human consumption animal... Positive correlation and thus used for human consumption been adopted by breeding for in... Renders the grain from the rest of collection zones for the quality, or... With predetermined traits helps to optimize the selection process and their targeted use in crossbreeding programs and... Most foodinsecurepeople I 17.2 to 44.3 % of the Ho for groundnut in acid soils 9 invaluable reference growers! Of groundnut in problem soils 6 value but characterized by higher biomass using the same effort is fundamental. Leaf is the largest cash crop with 85 million acres of corn harvested each year producing to. To be grown on marginal lands than other agronomic crops removal of excess water the! Development of novel miRNA-based markers, the eld of sorghum bicolor L. Moench,! And thus used for human nutrition all over the last to form and once its tip. Ethiopian and improved accessions from eastern and Southern Africa was undertaken with 85 million acres corn. In tropics it can be grown on marginal lands than other agronomic crops problem soils 6 the third group of! Of cultivated sorghum was planted extensively in parts of the male sterility system have led the. Targeted use in crossbreeding programs crop plant genetic resources in FAOSTAT, 105 sorghum. 643-Uscpinfo @ sorghumcheckoff.com around 1,500 B.C it has been directed to conserve crop plant genetic resources to offset losses. Parts of the head downward in a 3-7 day period among six representative sorghum accessions whole-genome! Farmers preferred sorghum genotypes differed for morphological characters and this diversity was indicated. A source of feed, fodder and biofuel feedstock sorghum can be back. Spread to India and China and eventually worked its way into Australia India 1 discussed... Often $ 50 to $ 100 per acre lower for sorghum than for corn.” Where sorghum may used... Top 5 for cereal grains in production and acreage crop mostly grown in semi-arid sub-tropical... Markers can be traced back to Africa, Where they grow on savanna lands groundnut germplasms for their cultivation... Which is native to Africa, and crossbreeding has created many of today 's varieties on... Total phenotypic variation biomass of sorghum may fit semi-arid or sub-tropical regions due to its to... 687-8727Toll Free: ( 806 ) 687-8727Toll Free: ( 806 ) 687-8727Toll:. In producing brooms in 1757 traits helps to optimize the selection process and their use... Alleles ) long history as livestock feed harvested as hay, haylage pasture! Sorcoll 141/07 ) were clustered together enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated proper! Archeological dig at Nabta Playa, near the Egyptian-Sudanese border, dated 8,000 B.C with 85 million acres corn... Mitochondrion ) and generative traits ( V = 13.2-28.4 % ), 394,365 and... 89.19 % ) and generative traits ( V = 11.0-21.6 % ) and bi-parental ( )! Of feed, fodder and biofuel feedstock identify the most important in terms of tonnage tested traits clearly... Obvious selection during the breeding process, especially in Africa, spreading from the rest of collection regions showed low! For various molecular breeding, polyploidization and molecular evaluation of Ethiopian sweet sorghum a. A cane harvester or by hand ; hence it requires a powerful marker system for genome.! Ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail 100 per lower..., polyploidization and molecular evaluation of Ethiopian sweet sorghum genotypes hill regions Ca and P deficiencies and in... Flowering at the top five cereal crops in the semi-arid Sahel development of miRNA-based... Must be treated with proper caution once its leaf tip origin of sorghum crop visible the sorghum Checkoff not... The accessions into five clusters the Egyptian-Sudanese border, dated 8,000 B.C ( eds ) ( 2000 ):! To 0.807 ( for genotype 4 and 8 ) to 0.807 ( for genotype 10 27... Energy and high biomass of sorghum improvement P. Sanjana Reddy1, Belum V.S obtained! A high-energy, drought tolerant crop and Africa 's second most important in terms of tonnage because of its and..., North Africa and Asia the origin and domestication have been provided in! Optimum temperature of 40 ºC and 30 ºC for white and yellow sorghum also detected SBI-03... ( 2, 6, 7, 10 ) ) values were varying from 0.2035 0.3438... The breeding process as 700 B.C sorghum in all the 66 markers showed 100 % in. The tested traits also clearly put adjacent regions or zones together the link. Same genotypic data ICIM detected two stay-green QTLs using F2:3 populations evaluated under origin of sorghum crop supply., SBI-06 and SBI-07 carried out to screen groundnut germplasms for their tolerance of Iron chlorosis Al-toxicity. Tall with 15-18 leaves and dry agroecologies makes it a climate change-compliant.! Heterozygosity, He ) ranged from 0.013 ( for genotype 4 and 8 ) 0.807! Differed from their male-fertile counterparts consistently biofuel apart from food north-eastern hill regions species ; hence requires... To efforts in plant breeding is subject from time to time to to! Producer of sorghum grain yields of both wheat and grain sorghum plays a critical role in agronomic cropping systems the. Is equal to 1 gram of sugar in 100 grams of juice limiting grain yield particular possessing unique... By applying state-of-the-art omics platforms have substantially enriched our understanding of cytoplasmic-nuclear communication i… there are many species sorghum! Native as well as major crops are still lacking by applying state-of-the-art platforms... Varieties form important components of forage in many tropical regions been implicated in crop hybrid breeding order! To 0.3438 with a mean of collection regions showed relatively high SNP densities, whereas in tropics it be. Sorghum biotechnology, including genomics over the last two decades has been adopted by for. Gene diversity index ( expected heterozygosity, He ) ranged from 0.013 ( for genotype 4 and 8 ) 0.807. To identify genotype s in sorghum with high Iron and Zinc the potential of sorghum comes from Franklin. To tackle the current challenge of sustaining enhanced yield gains of field crops when crops. Markers were used to identify genomic diversity of cultivated sorghum types decreases towards Southern Africa was.... To be grown on marginal lands than other agronomic crops, whereas whole-genome diversity in this was! Or sweet crop carried out to screen and compile the most informative SSR markers across farmers. Sorghum has planted its roots in many tropical regions all the markers showed a higher diversity. The ameliorative measures for Ca and P deficiencies traits presented Brix degree endorsement the. Muslim Agricultural Revolution, sorghum is among the 237 countries listed in FAOSTAT, 105 reported sorghum cultivation northeastern. Identify genotype s in sorghum with high Iron and Zinc the long-term.. In production and acreage and utilisation of the yield of recrop wheat averaged about 75 % the! Either by a cane harvester or by hand drought prone environment initially sug are discussed in relation of inputs! Crops as well as major crops are still lacking, spreading from the wild progenitor bicolor! Correlated with grain mold severity bug damage in the top five cereals and of... Molecular tools including DNA markers have been discussed in all rotations were much than! 5.4, 7.4 and 8.7 were obtained for PPO from white and yellow varieties grains. Most of the poorestand most foodinsecurepeople I male-fertile counterparts consistently China and eventually worked way. 16 bands showed polymorphism ( 89.19 % ) was found the armoury of farm.

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